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Basin-Wide Analysis of the Dynamics of Fecal Contamination and Fecal Source Identification in Tillamook Bay, Oregon

机译：俄勒冈州蒂拉穆克湾粪便污染动态和粪便来源识别的全流域分析

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The objectives of this study were to elucidate spatial and temporal dynamics in source-specific Bacteroidales 16S rRNA genetic marker data across a watershed; to compare these dynamics to fecal indicator counts, general measurements of water quality, and climatic forces; and to identify geographic areas of intense exposure to specific sources of contamination. Samples were collected during a 2-year period in the Tillamook basin in Oregon at 30 sites along five river tributaries and in Tillamook Bay. We performed Bacteroidales PCR assays with general, ruminant-source-specific, and human-source-specific primers to identify fecal sources. We determined the Escherichia coli most probable number, temperature, turbidity, and 5-day precipitation. Climate and water quality data collectively supported a rainfall runoff pattern for microbial source input that mirrored the annual precipitation cycle. Fecal sources were statistically linked more closely to ruminants than to humans; there was a 40% greater probability of detecting a ruminant source marker than a human source marker across the basin. On a sample site basis, the addition of fecal source tracking data provided new information linking elevated fecal indicator bacterial loads to specific point and nonpoint sources of fecal pollution in the basin. Inconsistencies in E. coli and host-specific marker trends suggested that the factors that control the quantity of fecal indicators in the water column are different than the factors that influence the presence of Bacteroidales markers at specific times of the year. This may be important if fecal indicator counts are used as a criterion for source loading potential in receiving waters.
机译：这项研究的目的是阐明分水岭中源特定细菌16S rRNA基因标记数据的时空动态。将这些动态与粪便指标计数，水质常规测量值和气候力进行比较；并确定对特定污染源高度暴露的地理区域。在为期2年的时间里，在俄勒冈州的蒂拉穆克盆地沿5条支流的30个地点以及蒂拉穆克湾收集了样品。我们使用普通，反刍动物源特异性和人源特异性引物进行了细菌PCR检测，以鉴定粪便来源。我们确定了最可能的大肠杆菌数量，温度，浊度和5天沉淀。气候和水质数据共同支持了微生物源输入的降雨径流模式，该模式反映了年度降水周期。粪便来源在统计上与反刍动物的联系比与人类的联系更紧密。在整个盆地中，检测反刍动物源标记的可能性比人类源标记的可能性高40％。在一个采样点的基础上，粪便来源跟踪数据的增加提供了新的信息，将粪便指示剂细菌含量的增加与盆地中粪便污染的特定点和非点源联系起来。大肠杆菌和宿主特异性标记物趋势的不一致表明，控制水柱中粪便指示剂数量的因素不同于影响一年中特定时间细菌杆菌标记物存在的因素。如果将粪便指标计数用作接收水源潜在负载的标准，这可能很重要。

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